Consistency of Measurements of Wavelength Position From Hyperspectral Imagery: Use of the Ferric Iron Crystal Field Absorption at $\sim$900 nm as an Indicator of Mineralogy

Several environmental and sensor effects make the determination of the wavelength position of absorption features in the visible near infrared (VNIR) (400–1200 nm) from hyperspectral imagery more difficult than from nonimaging spectrometers. To evaluate this, we focus on the ferric iron crystal field absorption, located at about 900 nm (F900), because it is impacted by both environmental and sensor effects. The consistency with which the wavelength position of F900 can be determined from imagery acquired in laboratory and field settings is evaluated under artificial and natural illumination, respectively. The wavelength position of F900, determined from laboratory imagery, is also evaluated as an indicator of the proportion of goethite in mixtures of crushed rock. Results are compared with those from a highresolution field spectrometer. Images describing the wavelength position of F900 showed large amounts of spatial variability and contained an artifact—a consistent shift in the wavelength position of F900 to longer wavelengths. These effects were greatly reduced or removed when wavelength position was determined from a polynomial fit to the data, enabling wavelength position to be used to map hematite and goethite in samples of ore and on a vertical surface (a mine face). The wavelength position of F900 from a polynomial fit was strongly positively correlated with the proportion of goethite (R = 0.97). Taken together, these findings indicate that the wavelength position of absorption features from VNIR imagery should be determined from a polynomial (or equivalent) fit to the original data and not from the original data themselves.